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老刘的想法有专业科学家在研究
- 飞鹰 (1694字节) 1/30 09:25 (93869)


老刘的想法有专业科学家在研究


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送交者: 飞鹰 于 January 30, 2004 09:25:00:

Marry the boy next door? Fitness consequences of mate choice in pre-industrial
Finns
Jenni Pettay (University of Turku, Finland, jenni.pettay@utu.fi)
By outbreeding, individuals may enhance the success of their (F1) offspring through heterosis. The second generation (F2), however, seldom benefits from heterosis, and may even
suffer from outbreeding depression. We studied heterosis and outbreeding depression in humans in a pre-industrial (1745-1860) Finnish population using individual-based demographic records documenting life-history for three full generations (P, F1, F2). During the study era, the population was mostly rural, population densities were low and approximately 90% of individuals married within their natal village. This isolation by density led to small local breeding units,enabling us to use geographic distance as a surrogate of genetic distance. We compared survival and lifetime reproductive success in P, F1 and F2 generations in (1) lines in which the parental generation individuals married within their natal parish (inbred) and (2) lines in which the parents
chose their spouse from further away (outbred). Our results show that there were no overall fitness differences in parental generation. However, parental outbreeding benefited F1 generation female offspring by improved lifetime reproductive success. We found no evidence of similar benefits among F1 males. However, F1s of outbred parents had shortened lifespan. Lifespan of F2s of outbred lines was also shortened compared to F2s of inbred lines. However, lifetime reproductive success of F2s of outbred lines was better than F2s of inbred lines.



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近亲婚配与近亲繁殖衰退 - 飞鹰 (1648字节) 1/30 08:34 (93868)


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近亲婚配与近亲繁殖衰退


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送交者: 飞鹰 于 January 30, 2004 08:34:05:

欧洲王室与望族的记录完好的历史以及特殊的婚配方式给研究人类进化提供了非常好的材料,下面的研究是从2003年在欧洲的一次人类进化研讨会上的一则摘要翻译而来(飞鹰)

公元700到1700年间欧洲王室与望族家庭的婚配策略与近亲衰退

通过婚姻结盟在欧洲王室家庭的政治与外交策略的一个中心。为了巩固权利与疆界,以及避免王家血统中混入低等成分,这种策略常常导致高的近亲婚配。例如,Maria-Antonia von Habsbourg 王室(1669-1692) 的近亲婚配率是0.3,比兄妹结婚还高。有人认为这种婚姻方式所导致的近亲衰退可能了历史性的影响,可能还是王朝危机的原因。为了进一步理解这种问题,我们(Sylvain Glémin, Khalid Belkhir, Vincent Tripiana, Jean-Baptiste Ferdy, and Bernard Godelle UMR 5171 Génome, Populations, Interactions, Adaptation. Université Montpellier II. France。glemin@univ-montp2.fr)分析了欧洲王室与望族家庭的11800个成员,比较了王室与望族家庭近亲结婚的程度及其带来的适合度影响(包括婴儿死亡率,寿命,以及后代数目)。我们的结果发现王室与贵族家庭之间有显著的不同:
1. 王室家庭近亲结婚的程度比望族家庭要高,王室的婚姻主要限制于王室家庭之间,而且是重复的近亲结婚。
2. 王室家庭的未成年死亡率(14岁前)比望族家庭高,寿命也短。但是王族与望族家庭都受到近亲衰退的影响(包括未成年死亡率与寿命),但王族家庭中的情况更为严重。
3. 与未成年死亡率和寿命的情况相反,王室家庭的后代数目随着近亲结婚程度的增加而增加,也随着未成年人死亡率的增加而增加,这种现象称之为‘生殖补偿”。
4. 近亲衰退和繁殖补偿的联合效应导致后代数目(成活到14岁以上)在王室与望族之间并无显著差异。

这些结果表明,家庭的生育策略(繁殖补偿)减轻了近亲繁殖衰退的影响,这样,近亲结婚衰退对王室的影响没有想象中那么明显。但是,从一个个别的例子来看,近亲繁殖带来的衰退后果可以解释欧洲王室中的一些历史事件。

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这句话什么意思啊?


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送交者: 柯华 于 January 30, 2004 11:06:55:

回答: 近亲婚配与近亲繁殖衰退 由 飞鹰 于 January 30, 2004 08:34:05:

[例如,Maria-Antonia von Habsbourg 王室(1669-1692) 的近亲婚配率是0.3,比兄妹结婚还高。]


我理解是


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送交者: 飞鹰 于 January 30, 2004 11:14:32:

回答: 这句话什么意思啊? 由 柯华 于 January 30, 2004 11:06:55:

这是翻译过来的。hapsbourg是欧洲最古老的王朝。我的理解是,Maria-Antonia von Habsbourg 1669-1692 在位,他娶了谁,摘要中没说,文章作者按照他们的计算方法,得出他的近亲指数为0.3。在他们的标准,兄妹结婚的近亲指数是0.25。

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